Spinal discs are important structures that act as cushions between each vertebra of the spine. The annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus are the two layers that make up spinal discs. However, complications can occur to spinal discs due to increasing age, genetic predispositions, or injuries. This includes bulging discs and herniated discs – two common conditions that affect spinal discs, cause pain and limit everyday activities. Although they are similar in name and both agitate the spine, bulging discs and herniated discs have unique characteristics. Here’s what you should know.
Bulging Discs
Bulging discs develop over time, caused by wear and tear of spinal discs. With age, discs begin to dehydrate and their cartilage begins to stiffen – the first signs of degeneration. The outer layer of the disc may then bulge and flatten evenly around its circumference, resembling a deflated tire.
There is typically a gradual onset of symptoms that accompany a bulging disk. Pain in the buttocks, legs, or back are indicators of this condition. More advanced complications include losing the ability to walk or function normally. However, bulging discs can be difficult to identify until the condition worsens. Many times, patients feel little to no pain as a result of a bulging disc.
People who lead sedentary lifestyles, suffer from obesity, or smoke are more likely to develop a bulging disk. Bad posture, improper sleeping positions, prolonged sitting or standing, or strenuous exercise are also contributing factors to this particular condition. However, a bulging disc is likely to develop gradually with age.
Herniated Discs
Herniated discs develop when the inner disc fluid (nucleus pulposus) leaks from a tear in the outer layer (annulus pulposus). Herniations can happen at any age and cause immediate pain, whereas bulging discs cause pain and symptoms to evolve gradually.
Herniated generally protrude further than a bulging disc, making nerve roots are more likely to become irritated. The irritation of the nerves can create painful inflammation.
How to Identify a Bulging Disc or a Herniated Disc
It is difficult to differentiate between the two based on symptoms alone. Usually, a doctor can come to a conclusion based on medical history, physical activity, and the symptoms a patient describes. However, the only way to know for certain is through a digital imaging test, such as an MRI.
Bulging discs and herniated discs have similar treatment methods. The most common recommendations are physical therapy, light exercise, heat and ice treatments, and over-the-counter medication. However, if the pain persists and interferes with your quality of life, more advanced methods may be recommended. This can include surgery, injections, or prescription medication. Doctors usually only suggest surgery as a last resort and you should talk to your doctor about its risks and side effects.
Herniated discs and bulging discs have few, although important, differences. While bulging discs tend to be a side effect of disc degeneration, herniated discs are caused by injury and strain. If you would like more information, talk to your doctor about what treatment is best for you.
